A distinct national identity was shaped by conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, and the establishment of English as the primary language. He now had defined duties to the realm, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. The King was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare. These constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as Magna Carta. Under the Plantagenets, England was transformed – although this was only partly intentional. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died in battle. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also counts of Anjou the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou and the Plantagenets' two cadet branches, the houses of Lancaster and York. The House of Plantagenet (/plænˈtædʒənɪt/) was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France.
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